Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences

Current Issue

By Issue

By Subject

Keyword Index

Author Index

Indexing Databases XML

About Journal

Aims and Scope

Editorial Board

Facts and Figures

Publication Ethics

Indexing and Abstracting

Related Links

FAQ

Peer Review Process

News

Authorship

Document Download Center

Molecular detection and seroprevalence of Toxoplasmosis in free range local chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Duhok province, Iraq

Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences, 2020, Volume 34, Issue 2, Pages 247-252
10.33899/ijvs.2019.125885.1173

Abstract

Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan zoonotic parasitic disease of mammals and birds; human infection occurs through consumption of raw or undercooked meat. Little was known about the infection rate of T. gondii among free range local chickens (Gallus domesticus) in Duhok province. Therefore, the present study was carried out to determine the infection rate in Duhok province by using ELISA (IgG) and conventional PCR. A total of 368 blood samples were collected from free range local chickens distributed in five different areas of Duhok province during the period from November 2016 to March 2017. The collected blood samples were from different sexes (hens and cocks) and from different age groups (less than 6 months and older than 6 months). The data found that the total infection rate was (84 / 368) 22.8% by ELSIA. The presence of the infection was confirmed by PCR and DNA sequencing. In this study, there were differences from area to area in the infection rates, the highest rate was reported in Semel district at 33.7% which was significantly (p
Keywords:
Main Subjects:

  1. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: From animals to humans. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30(12-13):1217-58. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(00)00124-7
  2. Pappas G, Roussos N, Falagas ME. Toxoplasmosis snapshots: global status of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence and implications for pregnancy and congenital toxoplasmosis. Int J Parasitol. 2009;39(12):1385-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2009.04.003
  3. Mose JM, Kagira JM, Karanja SM, Ngotho M, Kamau DM, Njuguna AN, Maina NW. Detection of Natural Toxoplasma gondii infection in chicken in Thika region of Kenya using nested polymerase chain reaction. Biomed Res Int. 2016;1-5. DOI: 10.1155/2016/7589278
  4. Yan C, Yue CL, Yuan ZG, He Y, Yin CC, Lin RQ, Dubey JP, Zhua XQ. Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic ducks, free-range and caged chickens in southern China. Vet Parasitol. 2009;165(3-4):337-40. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.07.015
  5. Dubey JP, Huong LTT, Lawson BWL, Subekti DT, Tassi P, Cabaj W, Sundar N, Velmurugan GV, Kwok OC, Su C. Seroprevalence and isolation of Toxoplasma gondii from free-range chickens in Ghana, Indonesia, Italy, Poland, and Vietnam. J Parasitol. 2008;94(1):68-71. DOI: 10.1645/GE-1362.1
  6. Daryani A, Sarvi S, Aarabi M, Mizani A, Ahmadpour E, Shokri A, Rahimi MT, Sharif M. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the Iranian general population: A systematic review and meta-analysis. 2014; 137: 185-94. DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2014.05.015
  7. Cong W, Dong W, Bai L, Wang XY, Ni XT, Qian AD, Zhu XQ. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in psychiatric patients: a case-control study in eastern China. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(14):3103-9. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268814003835
  8. Li H-L, Dong L, Li Q, Zhang L, Chen J, Zou FC, Zhu XQ. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Bai and Han ethnic groups in southwestern China. Epidemiol Infect. 2015;143(4):881-6. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268814001551
  9. Wilking H, Thamm M, Stark K, Aebischer T, Seeber F. Prevalence, incidence estimations, and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Germany: A representative, cross-sectional, serological study. Sci Rep. 2016;6. DOI: 10.1038/srep22551
  10. Zhang XX, Zhao Q, Shi CW, Yang WT, Jiang YL, Wei ZT, Wang CF, Yang GL. Seroprevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in the Korean, Manchu, Mongol and Han ethnic groups in eastern and northeastern China. Epidemiol Infect. 2016;144(9):2018-24. DOI: 10.1017/S0950268815003337
  11. Barakat AM, Salem LMA, Abdel-AzizEl-Newishy AM, Shaapan RM, El-Mahllawy EK. Zoonotic chicken toxoplasmosis in some Egyptians governates. Pakistan J Biol Sci. 2012;15(17):821-6. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.2012.821.826
  12. Dubey JP, Edelhofer R, Marcet P, Vianna MCB, Kwok OCH, Lehmann T. Genetic and biologic characteristics of Toxoplasma gondii infections in free-range chickens from Austria. Vet Parasitol. 2005;133(4):299-306. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.06.006
  13. Xu P, Song X, Wang W, Wang F, Cao L, Liu Q. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in dairy cattle, in Jinzhou, Northeastern China. J Parasitol. 2012;6(98):1300-1. DOI: 10.1645/GE-3164.1
  14. Guo M, Duney J tender P, Hill D, Buchanan RL, Gamble HR, Jones JL, Pradhan AK. Prevalence and risk factors for Toxoplasma gondii infection in meat animals and meat products destined for human consumption. J Food Prot. 2015;78(2):457-76. DOI: 10.4315/0362-028X.JFP-14-328
  15. Tegegne D, Kelifa A, Abdurahaman M, Yohannes M. Seroepidemiology and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii in sheep and goats in Southwestern Ethiopia. BMC Vet Res. 2016;12(1):280. DOI: 10.1186/s12917-016-0906-2
  16. Dubey J. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis and public health significance. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2010; 57: 60-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01274.x
  17. Liu XC, He Y, Han DG, Zhang ZC, Li K, Wang S, Xu LX, Yan RF, Li XR. Detection of Toxoplasma gondii in chicken and soil of chicken farms in Nanjing region, China. Infect Dis Poverty. 2017;6(1):62. DOI: 10.1186/s40249-017-0277-3
  18. Mohammed A, Abdullah SH. Diagnostic study of Toxoplasmosis in domestic chickens in Sulaimani province. Al-Qadisiyah J Vet Med Sci. 2013;12(2):63-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29079/vol12iss2art259
  19. Homan WL, Vercammen M, De Braekeleer J, Verschueren H. Identification of a 200- to 300-fold repetitive 529 bp DNA fragment in Toxoplasma gondii, and its use for diagnostic and quantitative PCR. Int J Parasitol. 2000;30(1):69-75. DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7519(99)00170-8
  20. Dubey JP. The history of Toxoplasma gondii - The first 100 years. J Eukaryot Microbiol. 2008;55(6):467-75. DOI: 10.1111/j.1550-7408.2008.00345.x
  21. Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): Prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis and public health significance. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2010;57(1):60-73. DOI: 10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01274.x
  22. Yaowalark S. Toxoplasma serostatus in Thai free- range chickens: Prevalence and two diagnostic methods. Open J Trop Med. 2017;1(1):018-23. DOI: 10.17352/ojtm.000004
  23. Akhtar M, Ahmed AA, Awais MM, Saleemi MK, Ashraf K, Hiszczynska SE. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in the backyard chickens of the rural areas of Faisalabad, Punjab, Pakistan. Int J Agric Biol. 2014;16(6):1105-11. DOI: 14–042/2014/16–6–1105–1111.
  24. Sakban FM , A’aiz NN. Investigate the Toxoplasma gondii Infection In The Consumed Beef In Al-Diwaniyah Province. Iraqi Journal of Veterinary Sciences. 2020; 34(1):95-99. DOI: 10.33899/ijvs.2020.164336
  25. Mahmood ZU, Zahid M, Sthanadar AA, Shah M, Hussain A. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in Gallus domesticus of district Mardan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Pak J Zool. 2014;46(6):1705-10. DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2019.012
  26. Roberts CW, Cruickshank SM, Alexander J. Sex-determined resistance to Toxoplasma gondii is associated with temporal differences in cytokine production. Infect Immun. 1995;63(7):2549-55. DOI: 10.1128/iai.63.7.2549-2555.1995
  27. Tilahun B, Tolossa YH, Tilahun G, Ashenafi H, Shimelis S. Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection among domestic ruminants in east Hararghe zone of Oromia region, Ethiopia. Vet Med Int. 2018;2018:1-7. DOI: 10.1155/2018/4263470
  28. Millar PR, Alves FMX, Teixeira VQ, Vicente RT, Menezes EM, Sobreiro LG, Pereira L, Amendoeira MR. Occurrence of infection with Toxoplasma gondii and factors associated with transmission in broiler chickens and laying hens in different raising systems. Pesqui Vet Bras. 2012;32(3):231-6. DOI: 10.1590/s0100-736x2012000300009

  • Article View: 141
  • PDF Download: 180