Authors
1
Department of Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sulaimani University, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
2
Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, University of Kirkuk, Kirkuk, Iraq
,
Document Type : Research Paper
Abstract
This study was carried out in Sulaymaniyah province, Iraq to estimate the concentration of some biochemical parameters and trace elements in the serum of sheep infected with the metacestodes of Taenia hydatigena. The present study included the measurement of some biochemical parameters as total protein, albumin and globulin and evaluation of trace elements as zinc, copper and iron using automatic analyzer and spectrophotometer respectively. For this purpose, up to 40 serum samples from sheep infected with T. hydatigena cysts and 10 serum samples from non-infected group had been used. The findings of the current study showed significant elevated levels in both total protein and globulin compared to non-infected group, where the total protein and globulin levels were 8.04 ± 0.275 g/dl and 5.90 ± 0.321 g/dl respectively, compared to the non-infected group 6.686 ± 0.409 g/dl and 4.124 ± 0.479 g/dl respectively. While, the mean serum albumin in infected sheep was significantly decreased 2.14 ± 0.224 g/dl compared to non-infected one 2.562 ± 0.152 g/dl. About the results of trace elements, the serum Cu was significantly increased in infected group 1.42 ± 0.466 mg/L compared to non-infected one 0.90 ± 0.171 mg/L, while the mean serum Zn concentration was significantly decreased in infected group 0.37 ± 0.230 mg/L compared to non-infected group 0.70 ± 0.108 mg/L. Although, the mean serum Fe of infected sheep 1.42 ± 0.388 mg/L was slightly lower than non-infected one 1.26 ± 0.490 mg/L, statistically there was no significant difference between them. It was concluded that T. hydatigena cysts had significant effects on serum total protein, globulin, Zn and Cu.
- Scala A, Pipia AP, Dore F, Sanna G, Tamponi C, Marrosu L, Bandino E, Carmona C, Boufana B, Varcasia A. Epidemiological updates and economic losses due to Taenia hydatigena in sheep from Sardinia, Italy. Parasitol Res. 2015;114(8):3137-3143. DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4532-x.
- Blazek K, Schramlova J, Hulinsk D. Pathology of the migration phase of Taenia hydatigena larvae. Folia Parasitol. 1985;32:127-137. Pubmed/4007699.
- Christodoulopoulos G, Theodoropoulos G, Petrakos G. Epidemiological survey of cestode-larva disease in Greek sheep flocks. Vet Parasitol. 2008;153(3):368-373. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.02.002.
- Scala A, Urrai G, Varcasia A, Nicolussi P, Mulas M, Goddi L, Pipia AP, Sanna G, Genchi M, Bandino E. Acute visceral cysticercosis by Taenia hydatigena in lambs and treatment with praziquantel. J Helminthol. 2014;14:1-4. DOI: 10.1017/S0022149X14000601.
- Abidi S, Nizami W, Khan P, Ahmed M, Irshadullah M. Biochemical characterization of Taenia hydatigena cysticerci from goats and pigs. J Helminthol. 1989;63(4):333-337. DOI: 10.1017/s0022149x00009238.
- Dede S, Değer Y, Değer S, Tanrıtanır P. Plasma levels of zinc, copper, copper/zinc ratio, and activity of carbonic anhydrase in equine piroplasmosis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 2008;125(1):41-45. DOI: 10.1007/s12011-008-8136-5.
- Sakman G, Parsak CK, Koltaş İS, Seydaoğlu G, Sönmez H, Hanta I. Evaluating the trace elements in preoperative and postoperative duration of hydatid surgery. Saudi Med J. 2008;29(1):69-74. Pubmed/18176676.
- Rivera MT, Souza APD, Araujo-Jorge TC, De Castro SL, Vanderpas J. Trace elements, innate immune response and parasites. Clin Chem Lab Med. 2003;41(8):1020-1025. DOI: 10.1515/cclm.2003.156.
- Kassu A, Yabutani T, Mahmud ZH, Mohammad A, Nguyen N, Huong BTM, Hailemariam G, Diro E, Ayele B, Wondmikun Y, Motonaka J. Alterations in serum levels of trace elements in tuberculosis and HIV infections. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2006;60(5):580-586. DOI: 10.1038/sj.ejcn.1602352.
- Forlano MD, Teixeira KRS, Scofild A, Elisei C, Yotoko KSC, Fernandes KR, Linhares GFC, Ewing SA, Massard CL. Molecular characterization of Hepatozoon sp. from Brazilian dogs and its phylogenetic relationship with other Hepatozoon spp. Vet Parasitol. 2007;145(1):21-30. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.10.023.
- Forlano M, Scofild A, Elisei C, Fernandes KR, Ewing SA, Massard CL. Diagnosis of Hepatozoon spp. in Amblyomma ovale and its experimental transmission to domestic dogs in Brazil. Vet Parasitol. 2005;134(1):1-7. DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2005.05.066.
- Klasing KC. Nutritional aspects of leukocytic cytokines. J Nutr. 1988;118(12):1436-1446. DOI: 10.1093/jn/118.12.1436.
- Wondimu A, Albera D, Hailu Y. A study on the prevalence, distribution and economic importance of Cysticercus tenuicollis in visceral organs in small ruminants slaughtered at an abattoir in Ethiopia. J Vet Med Anim Health. 2011;3(5):67-74. http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.828.6366&rep=rep1&type=pdf.
- Jenkins DJ, Urmin NAR, Williams TM, Mitchell TA, Lievaart JJ, Armua MT. Red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) and wild dogs (dingoes (Canis lupus dingo) and dingo/ domestic dog hybrids), as sylvatic hosts for Australian Taenia hydatigena and Taenia ovis. Int J Parasitol. 2014;3:75-80. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2014.03.001.
- Berezhko VK. Comparative immunochemical characteristics and serological activity of the antigens of Cysticercus tenuicollis and Taenia hydatigena. Parazitologiia. 1989;5:399-406. Pubmed/2482474.
- Bamorovat M, Radfar MH, Derakhshanfar A, Molazadeh M, Zarandi MB. A comparative evaluation of hematological, biochemical and pathological changes among infected sheep with Cysticercus tenuicollis and non-infected control group. J Parasit Dis. 2014;38(4):339-403. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-013-0254-0.
- Zajac AM, Conboy GA. Veterinary clinical parasitology. 8th ed. USA: John Wiley & Sons; 2012. 5,186 p.
- Eckersall PD. Proteins, proteomics, and the dysproteinemias. In: Kaneko JJ, Harvey JW, Bruss ML editors. Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals. 6th ed. California: Elsevier Academic Press; 2008. 117-155 p.
- Tarhan D, Ülgen S, Alkan FA, Erdikmen DO, Yaramiş ÇP, Or ME, Barutçu ÜB. Evaluation of tear and serum trace elements (copper, selenium, and cobalt) in sheep. Turkish J Vet Anim Sci. 2016;40(1):34-39. DOI: 10.3906/vet-1501-98.
- Al-Bayati SM, Azeez OH, Abdullah AM. Biochemical and histological study of Cysticercus tenuicollis of sheep in Duhok province. Basrah J Vet Res. 2012;11(1):52-57. DOI: 10.33762/bvetr.2012.54753.
- Naquira C, Paulin J, Agosin M. Taenia crassiceps: Protein synthesis in larvae. Exp Parasitol. 1977;41(2):359-369. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(77)90108-4.
- Agosin M, Repetto Y. Studies on the metabolism of Echinococcus granulosus: IX. Protein synthesis in scolices. Exp Parasitol. 1976;21(2):195-208. DOI: 10.1016/0014-4894(67)90081-1.
- Shepherd JC, McManus DP. Specific and cross-reactive antigens of Echinococcus granulosus hydatid cyst fluid. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 1987;25(2):143-154. DOI: 10.1016/0166-6851(87)90003-x.
- Shapiro SZ, Bahr GM, Hira PR. Analysis of host components in hydatid cyst fluid and immunoblot diagnosis of human Echinococcus granulosus infection. Ann Trop Med Parasitol. 1992;86(5):503-509. DOI: 10.1080/00034983.1992.11812699.
- Gammopathies MVP. Understanding and interpreting serum protein electrophoresis. Am Fam Physician. 2005;71:105-112. Pubmed/15663032.
- Esmaeilnejad B, Tavassoli M, Asri-Rezaei S, Dalir-Naghadeh B, Pourseyed SH. Evaluation of serum total protein concentration and protein fractions in sheep naturally infected with Babesia ovis. Comp Clin Pathol. 2014;23(1):151-155. DOI:10.1007/s00580-012-1587-2.
- Radfar MH, Zarandi MB, Bamorovat M, Kheirandish R, Sharifi I. Hematological, biochemical and pathological findings in goats naturally infection with Cysticercus tenuicollis. J Parasit Dis. 2014;38(1):68-72. DOI: 10.1007/s12639-012-0188-y.
- Soulsby EJL. Helminths, arthropods and protozoa of domesticated animals. 7th ed. London: Baillier and Tindall; 1986. 113-115 p.
- Lee JS. Albumin for end-stage liver disease. Korean J Int Med. 2012;27(1):13. DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2012.27.1.13.
- Ozen N, Celik C, Ozkan K, Malazgirt Z, Isimer A, Sayal A. Trace elements in hydatid disease. J Trace Elem Electrol Health Dis. 1992;6(2):67-70. Pubmed/1422183.
- Zarebavani M, Dargahi D, Einollahi N, Dashti N, Mohebali M, Rezaeian M. Serum levels of zinc, copper, vitamin B12, folate and immunoglobulins in individuals with giardiasis. Iran J Pub Health. 2012;41(12):47. PMCID: PMC3640781.
- Seyrek K, Karagenç T, Paşa S, Kıral F, Atasoy A. Serum zinc, iron and copper concentrations in dogs infected with Hepatozoon canis. Acta Vet Brno. 2009;78(3):471-475. DOI: 10.2754/avb200978030471.
- Lindskog S. Structure and mechanism of carbonic anhydrase. Pharmacol Ther. 1997;74(1):1-20. DOI: 10.1016/s0163-7258(96)00198-2.
- Kocyigit A, Erel O, Gurel MS, Avci S, Aktepe N. Alterations of serum selenium, zinc, copper, and iron concentrations and some related antioxidant enzyme activities in patients with cutaneous leishmaniasis. Biol Trace Elem Res. 1998;65(3):271-281. DOI: 10.1007/BF02789102.