Veterinary Obstetrics
Mohammed Abdulelah Rahawy; Mohammed Qassim Al ali
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 March 2022
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to find out the relationship between leptin, progesterone, bodyweight with the onset of puberty in the ewe lambs. Eight healthy weaned local breeds of ewe lambs at the age of 90 days were introduced in the study, Body weights were recorded, blood samples serum was collected ...
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The aim of the current study was to find out the relationship between leptin, progesterone, bodyweight with the onset of puberty in the ewe lambs. Eight healthy weaned local breeds of ewe lambs at the age of 90 days were introduced in the study, Body weights were recorded, blood samples serum was collected and stored at -20°C until hormonal assays. ovaries and ovarian follicles were checked by ultrasound used to measure follicular diameter every two weeks until estrus was detected. The result showed that the earliest estrus behavior was noticed at age 202 days. Significantly increased body weight was recorded during the trial times at p ≤ 0.05 Moreover leptin level elevated significantly coinciding with the age of puberty at p ≤ 0.05. Also, progesterone level was elevated significantly as the age of puberty at p ≤ 0.05. In addition to that the follicular diameter record a significant increase from day 160 till the end of the trial. Studying the correlation among, leptin, progesterone, and follicle diameter revealed a direct correlation with puberty and total weight body at pre-puberty days. In addition, a close positive direct correlation was observed between the level of progesterone and the diameter of the follicle with the level of the leptin as progressing age of puberty, and the increase in the diameter of the follicle with a rise in the level of progesterone. The study concludes, was found a strong positive correlation among the studied parameters with a time of puberty in ewe lambs.
Veterinary Theriogenology
Saif Al-Hafedh; FATİN CEDDEN
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 19 March 2022
Abstract
The in vitro embryo production (IVEP) is very stressful for gametes. Gametes are subjected during in vitro manipulation to many different types of stress; oxidative stress is the most prominent one, which will cause damage or alter the genetic material of the sperm and reduce the quality of the oocytes, ...
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The in vitro embryo production (IVEP) is very stressful for gametes. Gametes are subjected during in vitro manipulation to many different types of stress; oxidative stress is the most prominent one, which will cause damage or alter the genetic material of the sperm and reduce the quality of the oocytes, and has a crucial impact on the possibility of developing embryos even after implantation. This study aimed to determine the influence of antioxidants on the achievement of In vitro culture (IVC) and sperm's ability to adhere to and penetrate further into In vitro maturated oocytes. For this purpose, we have incubated ram sperm using four different treatments in terms of antioxidants: melatonin, cysteamine, vitamin C, and vitamin E. They were incubated by the standard methods of maturation and capacitation of sperm. The oocytes were fertilized by spermatozoa that had been capacitated with two groups of fertilization media, the first group containing melatonin and the second group containing cysteamine. Compared with other groups, sperms treated with melatonin demonstrated hyperactivity, and the fertilization rate was significantly increased. As for the IVF medium containing melatonin, it was superior to cysteamine in embryo development rates. In conclusion, melatonin could be a promising tool for improving sperm competence for fertilizing oocytes and embryo development in sheep.
Veterinary Parasitology
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 March 2022
Abstract
Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli is the most frequent zoonotic species of mites causing mange in camels worldwide. The prevalence of camel’s mange in Iraq is still little studied. Thus, this research was conducted to detect S. scabiei from camels distributed in four provinces of the Middle-Furat area ...
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Sarcoptes scabiei var cameli is the most frequent zoonotic species of mites causing mange in camels worldwide. The prevalence of camel’s mange in Iraq is still little studied. Thus, this research was conducted to detect S. scabiei from camels distributed in four provinces of the Middle-Furat area which includes; Al-Muthaana, Al-Diwaniyah, Najaf, and Babil, beginning from January 2020 until December 2020. The Molecular technique depending on the conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) was performed for direct detection of S. scabiei based on mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COX1) gene from skin scrape lesion samples. The results revealed that 125 out of 425 samples (29.41%) of examined camels were infested with S. scabiei. According to sex of the infested animals, the infestation rate was high in females compared with males, where it was 85 (30.91 %) and 40 (26.67%), respectively. In addition, the age 1.5 years old showed the highest number of infestation (83 out of 85) with a percentage 97.65%, while the percentages were 21 out of 60 (35%) and 4 out 68 (5.88%) in animals with 2 and 7 years old, respectively. The results also recorded that infested animals found in Najaf and Al-Diwaniyah had the highest number of infestation, with percentages 36% and 35%, respectively. The finding also demonstrated that the highest infestation percentage was in winter months (January and February) with percentages 92.31% and 80%, respectively. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis showed that the local isolates of Iraqi camels were consistent with isolates recorded in China.
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 March 2022
Abstract
The study aimed to reveal the median effective analgesic dose (ED50) of pregabalin and to determine the type of analgesic interaction with each of tramadol, diclofenac, and paracetamol in chicks. Methods: The electrical stimulator device was used to detect pain before and after treatment and through ...
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The study aimed to reveal the median effective analgesic dose (ED50) of pregabalin and to determine the type of analgesic interaction with each of tramadol, diclofenac, and paracetamol in chicks. Methods: The electrical stimulator device was used to detect pain before and after treatment and through ascending and descending in doses and depending on the up and down method, the median effective analgesic doses were determined for all drugs used in the study, and then the interaction experiment was conducted at a fixed ratio 0.5:0.5 of pregabalin with each of tramadol, diclofenac and paracetamol of their individual ED50 values, the results were subjected to the isobolographic analysis to determine the type of interaction. Results: ED50s for pregabalin, tramadol, diclofenac and paracetamol in chicks were 156.5, 0.82, 5.65 and 10.74 mg/kg respectively. Concomitant administration of drugs (pregabalin: tramadol), (pregabalin: diclofenac) and (pregabalin: paracetamol) at a fixed ratio 0.5:0.5 of their individual ED50 values reduced their ED50s to (36.2: 0.18), (64.3: 2.3) and (64.3: 4.3) mg/kg respectively. Isobolographic analysis showed synergistic analgesic effects of both drugs interaction. The calculated interaction indexes were 0.45, 0.81, and 0.81 respectively. Conclusion: We conclude from the outcomes that the analgesic interaction was synergistic between pregabalin and tramadol significantly, while the analgesic interaction of pregabalin with both diclofenac and paracetamol was also synergistic, but to a lesser extent.
Veterinary Obstetrics
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 21 March 2022
Abstract
The study was aimed to estimate the gestational age of Shami does by transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of fetal parameters. Thirty-three Shami does aged 2-2.5 years with confirmed conception dates were used. The does were examined in standing position using a transabdominal 3.5 MHz convex sector ...
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The study was aimed to estimate the gestational age of Shami does by transabdominal ultrasonographic measurement of fetal parameters. Thirty-three Shami does aged 2-2.5 years with confirmed conception dates were used. The does were examined in standing position using a transabdominal 3.5 MHz convex sector probe of real-time ultrasonography. The does were examined weekly starting on 21 day of pregnancy until parturition. Measurements of the fetal parameters that includes; the crown rump length, head diameter, chest diameter, trunk diameter were obtained from the ultrasonographic images using the software Screen Calipers. Results showed that the gestational sac and embryos were observed first on 21 and 35 day of pregnancy, respectively. The litter size of pregnant does ranged between two and three kids. Crown rump length ranged between 24.68±1.32 - 71.71±1.84 mm on 41-60 day, head diameter was 15.63±0.82 - 45.04±0.92 mm on 41-120 day, chest diameter was 11.52±0.84 - 56.35±0.93 on 51-110 day, trunk diameter was 10.69±0.85 - 57.38±0.85 mm on 41-130 day of gestation. The highest positive correlations were obtained between the gestational age chest diameter (r=0.935), crown rump length (r=0.917), head diameter (r=0.917) and trunk diameter (r=903). In conclusion, is a practical method for pregnancy diagnosis and monitoring of embryo in Shami goats. Also, it is reliable to estimate gestation age starting on 41 day of pregnancy. The chest diameter was the best fetal parameter, but trunk diameter can be used for longest period to estimate the gestational age of Shami goats.
Biology
hassan nima habib; Khalaf A.H. Al-Rishdy; Murthda F. AL-Hellou
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
The water buffalo has a seasonal reproductive pattern with reduced sexual activity during the longer photoperiod. The goal of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism of melatonin receptor 1A gene in Iraqi buffalo cows and 3D structure of its protein and phylogenic with other sequences ...
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The water buffalo has a seasonal reproductive pattern with reduced sexual activity during the longer photoperiod. The goal of this study was to identify the single nucleotide polymorphism of melatonin receptor 1A gene in Iraqi buffalo cows and 3D structure of its protein and phylogenic with other sequences around the world. The 824 bp fragment of exon II of the MTNR1 A gene was amplified from 190 buffalo cows (4-5 years old) genomic DNA belonging to local breeders in Al-Chibayish Marshes, Southern Iraq. Amplified PCR products underwent custom sequencing at the two end. Five separate polymorphism sites, the 1st included 52 animals with 19 mutations (12 missense), the 2nd included 39 animals with 18 mutations (11 missense), the 3rd included 35 animals with 18 mutations (12 missense), the 4th included 32 animals with 18 mutations (12 missense) and the 5th included 32 animals with 14 mutations (8 missense). These polymorphic sites with accession numbers LC565046, LC565047, LC565709, LC565710 and LC565711 respectively were registered in gene bank. The phylogenetic tree reveals that in some of the Iraqi buffalo, the sequences of gene has identical to the Italianbuffalo (GU817415), and the Brazilian buffalo (JN689386). Data revealed a marked variance of the fifth polymorphism sites' 3D protein structure because of the mutations. In conclusion, as a result of mutations, the gene MTNR1A in Iraqi buffalo has polymorphisms; these polymorphisms may be linked to gene function, Therefore, further studies are needed to connect the polymorphisms of this gene with the productive and reproductive traits
Veterinary Surgery
sarah elshafey; abd elmageed fetouh elmezyen; Ahmed S. Behery; Mustafa Abd El Raouf
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) on regeneration of induced tibial bone defects in dogs. A 7mm circular tibial defect and 10mm depth was performed at the proximal extremity of the right and left tibiae of 12 adult ...
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Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of platelet rich plasma (PRP) and advanced platelet rich fibrin (A-PRF) on regeneration of induced tibial bone defects in dogs. A 7mm circular tibial defect and 10mm depth was performed at the proximal extremity of the right and left tibiae of 12 adult apparently healthy male mongrel dogs. The animals were divided into control group, PRP group and A-PRF group. Regeneration of the tibial defect was evaluated by radiographic, computed tomography (CT), gross and histopathological examination at 6 and 12 weeks postoperatively (PO). At 6 weeks PO, the tibial defect was partially filled with fibrous tissue and appeared radiolucent radiographically in the control group and were partially closed with newly formed bone and appeared more radiopaque in PRP group than the control group while tibial defect was completely closed with newly formed bone and appeared more radiopaque in A-PRF group than the PRP group. At 12 weeks PO, the tibial defect was partially filled with newly formed bone and appear more radiopaque in control group and completely closed with newly formed bone and appeared radiopaque in PRP group. Interestingly, the tibial defect of the A-PRF group was completely closed with newly formed bone and cannot be differentiated from the neighboring normal bone tissue. In conclusion, using of PRP and A-PRF improved bone healing. However, A-PRF improved early regenerative ability of the tibial defect in comparison to PRP.
Infectious and Epidemic Animal Diseases
Abdelrhman sobeih; khairy el bayomi; mahmoud el-tarabany; ahmed abuel-atta; sherif moawed
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious illness that affects both domestic and wild small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to use a multivariable logistic regression model to determine risk factors for PPR. A total of 113 apparently healthy non-vaccinated ...
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Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a highly contagious illness that affects both domestic and wild small ruminants, causing significant economic losses. The goal of this study was to use a multivariable logistic regression model to determine risk factors for PPR. A total of 113 apparently healthy non-vaccinated goats and sheep (63 goat and 50 sheep) more than 5 months (1st group from 5-12 months,2nd group above 12 months), subjected to a seroprevalence study by competitive ELISA which used to detect antibodies against PPRV antibodies is serum sample during the period between April 2018 and March 2019. The incidence of PPR in autmun was significantly increase when compared with the spring. Additionally, animals had 4.08 more likelihood of being infected with PPR in the autumn when compared with the spring season There was a significant difference between male and female groups, The female group had 5.236 times increased the odds of being infected with PPR than male group. Moreover, Old age group had 2.771 times increased the odds of being infected with PPR than young age group. The test model, on the other hand, found no evidence to support any significant differences between sheep and goat species. PPR is more common in female and mature small ruminants, according to the findings. Furthermore, throughout the spring season, the incidence of PPR was significantly reduced. Indeed, the current study may help planning an effective vaccination program against the PRP disease in Egypt.
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Saevan S. Saad Al-Mahmood; Maab A. Fadel
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
The contemporary reading was deliberated to explore the valuable responsibility of propolis, a biologically brisk flavonoid, in opposition to methotrexate- (MTX-) caused hurt of the liver and kidney in chicks. Chicks customary a multiple intraperitoneal gaves of MTX (40 mg/kg) moreover unaided or in ...
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The contemporary reading was deliberated to explore the valuable responsibility of propolis, a biologically brisk flavonoid, in opposition to methotrexate- (MTX-) caused hurt of the liver and kidney in chicks. Chicks customary a multiple intraperitoneal gaves of MTX (40 mg/kg) moreover unaided or in mixture with verbal propolis (100 mg/kg). Serum was second-hand to gauge tissue hurt scores, although the hepatic and renal tissue sections were taken for point histopathological inspection. Propolis cure rearranges the MTX-caused altitude of serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), urea, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase (AP), and uric acid; additionally, propolis doses ameliorated MTX effects contrast to the MTX-intoxicated cluster. Histopathological inspection confirms that propolis notably lessens the MTX-caused histological variation and practically renew the typical style of hepatic and renal. In conclusion, propolis may be a hopeful driving force for the guard in opposition to MTX-caused cytotoxicity in chicks. Histopathological inspection confirms that propolis notably lessens the MTX-caused histological variation and practically renew the typical style of hepatic and renal. In conclusion, propolis may be a hopeful driving force for the guard in opposition to MTX-caused cytotoxicity in chicks.
Animal Embryology
Epy Muhammad Luqman; Ernestine Sisca Priyatna; Maslichah Mafruchati; Hani Plumeriastuti; Widjiati Widjiati; Viski Fitri Hendrawan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
This aims of this research is to know the potential of kebar grass extract (Biophytum petersianum) in reducing the impact of kidney damage in mice offspring during lactation period from parent exposed to carbofuran. Carbofuran, kebar grass extract, and vitamin C are exposed orally postnatal day 1st ...
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This aims of this research is to know the potential of kebar grass extract (Biophytum petersianum) in reducing the impact of kidney damage in mice offspring during lactation period from parent exposed to carbofuran. Carbofuran, kebar grass extract, and vitamin C are exposed orally postnatal day 1st until 14th postnatal day after delivery. 42 mice adult in lactation period were randomly into seven groups. This group consisted of K (aquadest control), P1 (carbofuran ¼ LD50 0.0125 mg/day), P2 (carbofuran 1/8 LD50 0.00625 mg/day), P3 (kebar grass extract 3.375 mg + carbofuran ¼ LD50), P4 (kebar grass extract 3.375 mg + carbofuran 1/8LD50), P5 (vitamin C 0.2 cc + carbofuran ¼ LD50), and P6 (vitamin C 0.2 cc + carbofuran 1/8 LD50). On the 15th days of experimental, offspring were randomly selected and dissected and the kidney was taken to made histopathology sample. The result of this study carbofuran caused increased tubular degeneration, necrosis, and inflammation (p
Animal Hygiene
Omar Al-Mahmood
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
To determine the level of food safety and sanitation practices and make comparisons between very small halal and non-halal beef slaughterhouses in the United States, we conducted two web-based surveys by using a similar questionnaire and similar data collection methods. Among the 80 halal slaughterhouses ...
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To determine the level of food safety and sanitation practices and make comparisons between very small halal and non-halal beef slaughterhouses in the United States, we conducted two web-based surveys by using a similar questionnaire and similar data collection methods. Among the 80 halal slaughterhouses included in this study, 56.25% (45 out of 80) participated, while 63.75% (51 out of 80) participated in the non-halal slaughterhouse survey. The results of this study showed that there were no significant differences between halal and non-halal slaughterhouses in term of food safety and sanitation practices and food safety technologies and microbiological testing practices. All halal and non-halal slaughterhouses conducted generic E. coli (100%) for beef carcasses. The most common interventions used in halal slaughterhouses were a combination of treatments (cold water + hot water (180 °F) + organic acid) (31.1%). Whereas the most common interventions used in non-halal slaughterhouses were hot water (180 °F) only (33.5%). The findings of this study can be used to describe food safety and sanitation practices in the halal meat industries and find areas for the improvement.
Animal Hygiene
Raad A. Al-Sanjary; Yousra Abdulrazaq Abdlla; Raad Abdulghany Al-Sanjary
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
The aim of study is to diagnose diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from meat and their products by conventional polymerase chain reaction technique using uidA gene for confirmation the bacterial isolated as E. coli and used multiplex PCR technique to detect the virulence genes of these bacteria by using ...
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The aim of study is to diagnose diarrheagenic Escherichia coli from meat and their products by conventional polymerase chain reaction technique using uidA gene for confirmation the bacterial isolated as E. coli and used multiplex PCR technique to detect the virulence genes of these bacteria by using two groups of primers (stx1, stx2, aggR, esth, eae) and (invE, daaC, estp, elt, bfpA). In this study these primers applied on a total of 100 E.coli strain isolated from 782 samples of meat and meat products included fresh meat , minced meat ,burger , pastterma and chicken in the period of February to November 2020. The results showed that all isolates of Escherichia coli were positive to gene uidA and showed bands with a molecular weight of 147 base pairs. also in this study, we detect 95 ( 12.15%) pathogenic species related to virulence genes by using multiplex PCR . The highest percentage of pathotype is ETEC , at a rate of 46.32% and the lowest percentage is due to the DAEC type at a rate of 1.05% , while the percentage of the other pathotypes were 20.05, 14.74, 6.32, 6.32 and 5.26% for each of STEC , EHEC , aEPEC , EAEC and EIEC respectively. The high contamination rate with DEC that was seen in this study is associated by poor hygiene conditions during the slaughter process, and poor food storage in the shops, which may pose societal health risks to people when consumption of these products .
Veterinary Parasitology
Ameer Ibrahim Alanad; Basim Hashim Abdullah
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
Birds are intermediate hosts that play a significant role in Toxoplasma gondii epidemiology and infection transfer to humans by eating their raw or undercooked meat.The aim of this study was to diagnosis the Toxoplasma gondii infection in three species of wild birds (Columba livia, Streptopelia senegalensis ...
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Birds are intermediate hosts that play a significant role in Toxoplasma gondii epidemiology and infection transfer to humans by eating their raw or undercooked meat.The aim of this study was to diagnosis the Toxoplasma gondii infection in three species of wild birds (Columba livia, Streptopelia senegalensis and Passer domesticus) in the province of Babylon from May 2021 to August 2021, using a latex agglutination test and molecular diagnosis with Nested-P.C.R for SAG1 gene identification. Results showed that antibodies were detected in 56/144 (38.88%) samples. Furthermore, results of the Nested PCR technique for detection of SAG1 gene revealed that 41 (73.21%) of the samples positive for the latex test were only found in three species of birds. These three species of birds were found infected with T.gondii with possible transmission to human beings. For the first time, it was recorded that the species, S. senegalensis, was infected with the T. gondii in Iraq.
Veterinary Parasitology
Buthaina Al-Sabawi; Hanan Sadoon; Mohammed saeed
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
This study aimed detection the liver histopathological changes of hydatid cysts sheep infestation. Seventeen infested liver's sheep with hydatid cysts were gathered from the local butchers. The specimens sectioned, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and some special stains such as Gomori's ...
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This study aimed detection the liver histopathological changes of hydatid cysts sheep infestation. Seventeen infested liver's sheep with hydatid cysts were gathered from the local butchers. The specimens sectioned, processed, and stained with hematoxylin and eosin and some special stains such as Gomori's aldehyde fuschin, Van Gieson, Toluidine blue, Alcian blue, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) and Mansso's trichrome. The results of hematoxylin and eosin stain of infected groups revealed presents of the laminated membrane of hydatid cyst in a different area of hepatic tissue surrounding by infiltration of inflammatory cells, and increase fibrous tissue and between severe necrotic hepatic tissue. The special stains firstly as in Gomori's aldehyde fuschin stain revealed the protoscolex in green colour and elastic fibres of connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst with its laminated membrane in purple colour. Van Gieson stain showed dark brown-purple colour of the elastic fibres reduplication of connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst, while Toluidine blue stain sections revealed the dark blue stain of acidic components of hydatid cyst laminated membrane and necrotic hepatocytes. Alcian blue stain revealed the blue colour reactivity of the proteoglycans of the connective tissue surrounding hydatid cyst. PAS reaction stain revealed the magenta colour reaction of the intact hepatocytes in the control group comparing with depletion pf magenta colour in necrotic hepatocytes surrounding hydatid cyst. Masson's trichrome stain revealed increased collagen fibres of the connective tissue. The findings revealed that infection with hydatid cysts causes a variety of histopathological alterations that appeared through several tissue stains
Veterinary Pathology
Atheer Nabeel Taha; Hana Kh. Ismail
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
The Zinc-oxide in the form of nanoparticles suggested to be one of the crucial nanoparticles due to its expanse implementation in many industries, like electrons, food supplements, and maquillage and makeup this led to more exposure of the individual to ZnO NPs through inspiration, and skin penetration. ...
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The Zinc-oxide in the form of nanoparticles suggested to be one of the crucial nanoparticles due to its expanse implementation in many industries, like electrons, food supplements, and maquillage and makeup this led to more exposure of the individual to ZnO NPs through inspiration, and skin penetration. This study object or designed to estimate the toxic impact of ZnO NPs on cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum in male rabbits by studying the gross and histological changes by using the light microscope. 24 adult male rabbits divided randomly to 4 groups, each of them comprising six animals. Control group left without treatment; second group treated with 100 mg / kg B.W. of vitamin E orally, third group treated intraperitonially with ZnO NPs 600mg/kg B.W., Fourth group treated with I/P 600mg/kg B.W. of ZnO NPs in addition to 100mg/kg B.W orally of vit. E twice weekly for twenty-one days. The histological results showed degenerative, necrotic with vascular and inflammatory response in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum in 2nd group of rabbits treated with ZnO NPs while the treated rabbits with ZnO NPs and vitamin E revealed slight improvement in histological picture of brain layers. Also, there was alteration in the level of acetylcholine in all groups in comparing with control group.
Veterinary Pathology
Atheer Nabeel Taha; Hana Kh. Ismail
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 12 June 2022
Abstract
The goal of our research is evaluating histological impact of nano ZnO particles (NZnO) on the testis and epididymis of adult male rabbits treated with intraperitoneal of 600mg/kg B.W. of nano ZnO particles twice a week for six weeks and illustrate the protective effect of vitamin E versus the effect ...
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The goal of our research is evaluating histological impact of nano ZnO particles (NZnO) on the testis and epididymis of adult male rabbits treated with intraperitoneal of 600mg/kg B.W. of nano ZnO particles twice a week for six weeks and illustrate the protective effect of vitamin E versus the effect of nano zinc oxide particles. Twenty-four adult male rabbits have been used in this research divided to four groups, control group injected intraperitoneal distal water, second group injected with 600mg/kg B.W of nano Zno particles intraperitoneal twice a week for three weeks, third group injected 600 mg / kg B.W. of nano Zno particles intraperitoneal and co-administrated with 100 mg / kg B.W. of vitamin E orally, while fourth group received 100mg/kg B.W of vitamin E orally. The histological results showed that the nano ZnO particles treatment cause obvious changes in testis and epididymis characterized by thickening of tunica albuginea of testis, degenerative and necrotic changes of germ cells lining the seminiferous tubules, arrest of spermatogenesis, giant cell formation also observed, degeneration and necrosis of epithelial cells lining epididymis canals, the canals are free from sperms is observed. As for the group of animals treated with nano ZnO particles co-administrated with vitamin E showed improvement in the histological changes compared with control group and group treated with vitamin E only which showed normal architectural of testis and epididymis, moreover there is decreased in the level concentration of testosterone of the animals treated with nano ZnO particles compared with other groups.
Poultry Diseases
majid Hasan; SAMEER Mezher Abdulla; Amjed H. Ulaiwi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
At least 13 virulence-associated genes are commonly seen in APEC colibacillosis isolates. A total of ten non-repetitive E. coli isolates from various Iraqi poultry epidemics are being studied as part of this research. Six virulence-associated genes (iroN, iucC, frz Operon, iucD, papC, and R4) were examined ...
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At least 13 virulence-associated genes are commonly seen in APEC colibacillosis isolates. A total of ten non-repetitive E. coli isolates from various Iraqi poultry epidemics are being studied as part of this research. Six virulence-associated genes (iroN, iucC, frz Operon, iucD, papC, and R4) were examined in the isolates. Eighty percent of the isolates had both virulence-associated genes. Two APEC separates carried just one gene, iroN or iucC. According to preliminary evidence, the iroN and iucC genes may express their pathogenicity independently. All of the strains had the same iroN gene, making them all pathogenic. The ten strains were confirmed to have the six pathogenic genes: 80% positive for iucC, 50% positive for iucD, 100% positive for ironN, 10% positive for frz operon, 10% positive for papD, and 0% positive for R4. APEC strains with high pathogenicity are examined in the context of primary infections. Some stress was produced by strains with less pathogenicity, such as the presence of other diseases or stressors in the environment, while others were caused by advancing age. The research was finished. Virulence-associated six genes were discovered in varying percentages, and iroN was found. Some virulence genes were present in Escherichia coli strains, but not all of them were. It appears that iroN and iucC genes are displaying their pathogenicity separately from each other.
Animal Hygiene
Omar Hashim Sheet
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is the main aetiologic cause of dairy mastitis universally. Additionally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogenic bacteria in both veterinary medicine and public health. Sixty-six cattleʼs milk samples were collected randomly from different ...
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Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is the main aetiologic cause of dairy mastitis universally. Additionally, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a major pathogenic bacteria in both veterinary medicine and public health. Sixty-six cattleʼs milk samples were collected randomly from different areas of the Nineveh Province from November 2018 to February 2020. In this study, the classical and molecular biology methods had used to identify the MRSA and detect the target genes. The results revealed that S. aureus was isolated and identified based on classical methods such as catalase, clumping factors, and coagulase test. In addition, the nuc gene was detected in all the positive S. aureus isolates 23 (34.8%), while the mecA gene was detected in 12 (52.2%) MRSA isolates by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay. The present work emerged that the results of classical methods and the PCR technique were similar. In Iraq, MRSA is regarded as a major causative agent of various types of bovine mastitis and it has the ability to resist all types of beta-lactams. MRSA isolated from different regions in Mosul city. PCR assay is a major method for detecting the different genes based on the target sequence of the specific gene.
Veterinary Parasitology
Zana Rashid; Sadat Abdulla Aziz Sadat; Othman Ali; Nawroz Akram Kakarash; Hardi Fattah Marif
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are ascarid nematodes, belong to the Toxocaridae family and genus Toxocara, causing toxocariosis in dogs and cats. The disease is mainly transmitted between animals and humans through ingestion of contaminated food with the embryonated eggs of the parasite. In addition, ...
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Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati are ascarid nematodes, belong to the Toxocaridae family and genus Toxocara, causing toxocariosis in dogs and cats. The disease is mainly transmitted between animals and humans through ingestion of contaminated food with the embryonated eggs of the parasite. In addition, vertical transmission of the Toxocara larvae from pregnant bitches to their offspring through placenta and milk had been reported. Nowadays, stray dogs and cats, which are unvaccinated or not treated against the parasites, play a significant role in introducing the disease and seem to be a common public health concern. The study aimed to identify the rate of Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati infection among the domiciliary and stray dogs and cats that presented to the veterinary clinics, using direct fecal smear and fecal floatation techniques. The results showed that stray cats were highly infected (47.62%) in comparison to domiciled cats (5.56%). While the T. canis infection among domiciled and stray dogs was about 11.11% and 11.76% respectively. Adult cats and dogs were found to have a higher infectious rate (cats; 30%, dogs; 14.81%) compared to younger age groups (cats; 27.58%, dogs; 8%). There was a moderate and highly significant positive correlation between the lifestyle and infectious rate in cats (r = 0.466*, P < 0.001, n =78). In conclusion, stray cats and dogs are the main risk factor in transmitting the disease.
Veterinary Virology
Gawhara G.E. Ahmed abdelmonem; Ali M.A. Amer; Elsayed A.M. Hussein; Zeinab Aboezz; Ahmed R. Habashi; Saad S.A. Sharawi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay is a nucleic acid amplification method that is considered reliable and practical mean for several pathogen detection in a single reaction, especially when multiple pathogens are suspected. In this study, a novel mPCR assay was validated for detection of ...
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Multiplex polymerase chain reaction (mPCR) assay is a nucleic acid amplification method that is considered reliable and practical mean for several pathogen detection in a single reaction, especially when multiple pathogens are suspected. In this study, a novel mPCR assay was validated for detection of four notifiable diseases in cattle incuding Foot and mouth disease (FMD), Bovine viral diarrhea (BVD), Blue tongue (BT) and Hemorrhagic Septicemia (HS). The assay was operated into two-steps procedure, first one was reverse transcription of viral RNA then mPCR of viral cDNA and bacterial DNA. The optimized mPCR was applied on blood (26) and vesicular epithelium (10) samples collected from 26 clinically infected animals from three governorates (Qalubia, Sharkia and Gharbia). mPCR was able to detect at least 10 pg of microbial nucleic acid extracted from the local isolates. The mPCR results showed that of 22/26 (84.6%) of clinically infected animals were positively infected by single or dual infection. Mixed infection of FMDV and Pasteurella multocida was recorded in 11 animals (42.3%) while single FMDV infection was recorded in 5 animals (19.2 %). Single BVDV infection was detected in 5 animals (19. 2 %) and in dual infection with FMDV in 1 animal (3.8%). Notably, BTV was not detected in any of the clinical samples. The assessed mPCR was a rapid, accurate and sensitive test for diagnosis of single and mixed infections in cattle and could be used for screening of the notifiable diseases affecting cattle.
Animal Histology
Dhyaa Abdul hussen Abood; Mohammed S. Sulaiman Dawood; Aseel Yassen Hameza
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
A total of eight samples of esophagus of local breed dog were used to investigate the histochemical features of the esophagus. The specimens were processed according to the protocol of paraffin embedding technique and the tissue sections were stained by hematoxyline and eosin stain, massons trichrom ...
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A total of eight samples of esophagus of local breed dog were used to investigate the histochemical features of the esophagus. The specimens were processed according to the protocol of paraffin embedding technique and the tissue sections were stained by hematoxyline and eosin stain, massons trichrom and combine alcian blue (pH2.5)-PAS stain. The oesophagus had folded mucosa that covered by keratinized to non-keratinized stratified squamous epithelium which contained numerous excretory common ducts of esophageal glands. The epithelial thickness of cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts of oesophagus were (221.95±3.41µm, 212.46±5.38 µm & 173.15±4.09 µm) respectively. The lamina propria of the cervical part of oesophagus was lacked the muscularis mucosa, while at thoracic part the smooth muscles of muscular mucosa appeared as scattered interrupted bundles. The esophageal glands were compound tubular mucoserous type constructed of the predominated mucous alveoli and little of serous acini. With combine Alcian blue (pH2.5)-PAS stain the esophageal glands denoted strong acidic mucoploysaccharid within the mucous alveoli and light blue color within serous acini that denoted weak acidic zymogen granules. Tunica muscularis was striated muscle fibers in cervical and thoracic parts and smooth in abdominal part of oesophagus. The thickness of tunica muscularis of cervical, thoracic and abdominal parts were measured (568.76±6.90 µm, 703.29±7.54µm, 338.98±7.26 µm) respectively.
Animal Hygiene
Ibrahim mohamed Tahr; Muntaha Ghazi Hasan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Pseudomonas are recognized as a unique meat spoiling organisms , the proliferation of these spoilage organisms might influence the organoleptic qualities of meat and meat quality , therefore the current investigation is being carried out to detect pseudomonas associated with meat displayed in Mosul city ...
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Pseudomonas are recognized as a unique meat spoiling organisms , the proliferation of these spoilage organisms might influence the organoleptic qualities of meat and meat quality , therefore the current investigation is being carried out to detect pseudomonas associated with meat displayed in Mosul city retails . A total of 150 meat samples of beef ,mutton and chicken meat (50 for each ) were collected from meats in Mosul city retails during the period from November till February.Molecular identification of pseudomonas aeruginosa in meat is performed targets 16S rRNA gene and rpoB gene. Fifty three isolates of pseudomonas species were obtained from all types of meat (35.33%) included 23 (46 %) for beef meat ,11 (22%) for mutton and 19 (38%) for chicken meat . Enumeration of pseudomonas species in beef and mutton were 1.47*104 , 1.92*104 cfu/g respectively while counts was 2.13*105 cfu/g in chicken meat . polymerase chain reaction results revealed the presence of 16S rRNA gene in all tested isolates 53/53 (100%) . Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated (39.62%) from meat samples according to the detection of rpoB gene. In conclusion the prevalence of pseudomonas in meat at Mosul city retails had a detrimental impact on meat quality and consumer confidence. Also, PCR approach aids the rapid detection of pseudomonas as spoilage organism in meat to reduce financial loss therefore, hygienic measurements should applied during meat production and preservation to reduce meat spoilage and conserve consumer health.
Animal Physiology
Suleiman Suleiman; Jian Salam Hassan
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
In the current study, crude flavonoid extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) was used to evaluate anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion in chicks. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring brain tissue neurotransmitters (gamma aminobutyric acid ...
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In the current study, crude flavonoid extract of Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) was used to evaluate anticonvulsant and antioxidant activities on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) induced convulsion in chicks. The biochemical estimation was done by measuring brain tissue neurotransmitters (gamma aminobutyric acid GABA and glutamate), oxidative stress biomarkers in serum (catalase CAT, glutathione reductase GR, malondialdehyde MDA, and 8-isoprostane), serum electrolytes (potassium Ka+, sodium Na+, chloride Cl-, ionized calcium iCa2+, total calcium TCa2+), pH of serum, and glucose level in serum. 72 broiler chicks (2 weeks old) were randomly divided into six groups (n=12): (1) Negative control received the normal saline subcutaneous injection, (2) Positive control received PTZ 90 mg/kg subcutaneous injection, (3) treated with sodium valproate (SV) 200mg/kg orally, (4-6) treated with 20, 40, 80 mg/kg of crude flavonoid extract of MC orally for 6 days before PTZ injection. The chicks in groups (3-6), thirty minutes post-treatment of the last dose received PTZ. The results showed that the crude flavonoid extract of MC attenuated the convulsion signs and mortality dose-dependently. The pretreated crude flavonoid extract at the dose of 80mg/kg showed a significant increase the serum level of Na+ and iCa2+, and a decrease in 8-isoprostane. In conclusion: the crude flavonoid extract of MC 80mg/kg possesses mild to moderate anticonvulsant and antioxidant effects.
Animal Histology
Luma I. Khalel; Jawnaa Khalid Mammdoh; Abdullah Ahmed
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
The exact mechanism of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)on submandibular salivary gland(SMG) regarding its function and histology remains unclear. The goal of this work is to clarify the histological effects of BTX-A (at high doses) in SMG in rabbits after one week. Thirty adult male rabbits were used in this ...
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The exact mechanism of botulinum toxin A (BTX-A)on submandibular salivary gland(SMG) regarding its function and histology remains unclear. The goal of this work is to clarify the histological effects of BTX-A (at high doses) in SMG in rabbits after one week. Thirty adult male rabbits were used in this study and they arranged as :Group 1.includes rabbits which received any treatment and kept for one week duration. Group 2. includes rabbits which received 8 Units of BTX-A. Group 3: includes rabbits which received 16 Units of BTX-A. Animals were euthanized with ether after one week. Specimens of SMG from all rabbits were taken to perform a routine histological preparation and examination .Sections of rabbits of Group2 and Group 3 showed an evidence of edema that is surrounding striated ducts , congested blood vessels ,and even necrosis of both serous and mucous acini .Some sections exhibited features of degeneration of mucous acini. Hemorrhage was noticed in some sections. Injection of either 8 or 16 units of BTX-A induces several alterations in the submandibular glands histology
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Muna Hazim ALzubaidy; tamara khaled Al-najmawi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Ivermectin is a very safe drug however; there are many studies on its toxic effects in different types of animals due to sensitivity, misuse or accidental overdose. The aim of this study was to further characterize the neurotoxic effects of ivermectin in chicks and to identify possible therapeutic strategies ...
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Ivermectin is a very safe drug however; there are many studies on its toxic effects in different types of animals due to sensitivity, misuse or accidental overdose. The aim of this study was to further characterize the neurotoxic effects of ivermectin in chicks and to identify possible therapeutic strategies for use in cases of ivermectin toxicity. The LD₅₀ of ivermectin was determined by Dixon method. The acute toxicity signs of ivermectin were induced at doses 131.5,2629,and 394.5 mg/kg orally. The therapeutic effect of flumazenil on ivermectin poisoning was also studied. Administration of repeated doses of ivermectin for five consecutive days was recorded to measure the neurobehavioral within the open field and tonic immobility test. The oral LD₅₀ of ivermectin was 525.9mg/kg. The acute signs of poisoning that appeared on ivermectin-treated chicks were lethargy, ataxia, tremor, diarrhea, recumbency, and then death. Flumazenil at dose 0.1mg/kg significantly reduced the toxicity signs induced by the ivermectin in chicks, especially tremor and ataxia, and also prevent the incidence of death. The administration of ivermectin at 26.3, 52.6, and 105.2mg/kg doses led to a significant decrease in motor activity through a significant increase in the time of starting the movement and a decrease in the number of cross lines. We concluded that ivermectin, has a neurotoxic effect in chicks when used in high doses; the results also indicate a potential clinical application of flumazenil for treatment side effects and toxicity of ivermectin, as well as ivermectin has depressant effect in chicks represented by open-field activity
Veterinary Pathology
Ali Riyadh Mohammed; Saevan S. Saad Al-Mahmood
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
The vaccination process and immunological status of chickens during their life period have great importance in the poultry industry. We aimed in the current study to evaluate the effect of ProbChick® on the immunological status of broiler chickens after vaccination with Newcastle vaccination using the ...
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The vaccination process and immunological status of chickens during their life period have great importance in the poultry industry. We aimed in the current study to evaluate the effect of ProbChick® on the immunological status of broiler chickens after vaccination with Newcastle vaccination using the LaSota strain. A total of 200 one-day-old chicks were divided randomly into five groups. The first group is considered a control group. The second group consumes ProbChick® with drinking water. The third group was vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine (LaSota strain). The fourth group was vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine the after 7 days the ProbChick® was consumed. The fifth group was vaccinated with the Newcastle vaccine and consumed ProbChick® on the same day. The result showed that ProbChick® enhances the weight gain, food conversion ratio, and relative weight of bursa of Fabricius and spleen, in addition to that ProbChick® will enhance the antibody titer if it's added to drinking water on the same day of vaccination and give good antibody titer in compare to control groups and in comparison to a group where it is added to drinking water after 7 days of vaccination. We conclude that adding ProbChick® to the broiler at 1 g/litter of drinking water at the same of vaccination by Newcastle vaccine using the LaSota strain will enhance the immune response during vaccination and after vaccination, this will improve the efficiency and titer of antibody production.
Infectious and Epidemic Animal Diseases
Elshaima Fawzi; Mohammed Abd-Elmegeed; Mamdouh El-Mekkawi; Abdelkarem Mansour Morsi; Eman Abd-Elfatah; Eman El-Diasty
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Dermatophytosis is a fungal disease that affects superficial skin layers and hair of farm animals with worldwide distribution including Egypt with great public health concern and devasting economic losses in form of skin and hide damage and long course of treatment in spite of self-limiting nature of ...
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Dermatophytosis is a fungal disease that affects superficial skin layers and hair of farm animals with worldwide distribution including Egypt with great public health concern and devasting economic losses in form of skin and hide damage and long course of treatment in spite of self-limiting nature of the disease in addition to loss of body weight. This study was undertaken to determine the most prevalent species of dermatophyte in sheep, identification of incriminated species both microscopic and culture methods with assessment of animal and environmental risk factors moreover, evaluated the effectiveness of three antifungal compounds (Ticonazole cream and clotrimazole spray and fluconazole capsule), on twenty-four naturally infected sheep were employed. Out of one hundred and three examined sheep with clinically suggestive lesion from Sharkia and Dakahalia Governorates during 2018 to 2019, 47.6% was proved to be positive of dermatophyte infection either by clinical signs, microscopic or culture or both with great infection rate was registerated in male, young age ˂ 6 months and in winter season. Three antifungal medications were used for 1st time in treatment of ovine dermatophytosis and were successes to subside of skin lesion with hair growth and return to normal clinical picture with 100% curative rate with preferable and easily applicable of topical ones especially ticonazole cream was highly curative in short time with easily applicable and good alternative to usual antifungal medication in sheep. Consequently, minimize the role of animal source in spread of infection and may allow adaption of efficient control measures.
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Yamama Z. Alabdaly; Shahad Alnuaimi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
The aim is to investigate the sub-acute neurotoxic effects of copper sulfate in chicks on motor and neurobehavioral activity and its relation to oxidative stress and histopathological changes in chick brain tissue. Thirty chicks were employed in this experiment, randomly separated into 5 groups of 6 ...
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The aim is to investigate the sub-acute neurotoxic effects of copper sulfate in chicks on motor and neurobehavioral activity and its relation to oxidative stress and histopathological changes in chick brain tissue. Thirty chicks were employed in this experiment, randomly separated into 5 groups of 6 chicks. They were given the following concentration 2.5 %, 5 %, 10 %, and 15 % of LD50. Each of the chicks is put through the following behavioral tests response to tonic immobility test, righting reflex, testing the motor activity of the chicks inside the open field box. Orally LD50 was 772 mg/kg, Recording an inhibition in the animal's movement in the open field, and an increase in the chicks' dormancy duration. The effects are in direct proportion to the increase in the chicks' dose. Copper sulfate in 2.5%, 5%, 10, and 15% of the LD50 showed a significant increase in the concentration of malondialdehyde while 15% of LD50 recorded a significant decrease in glutathione and cholinesterase activity. All doses had a substantial decrease in total antioxidant capacity in brain and liver tissue. Chick brain of copper sulfate 15% of LD50 shows in the cortex of cerebrum severe gliosis, satellitosis, perivascular and periaxonal edema, necrosis (karyorrhexis) of neuron, and apoptosis. The rest of the concentrations had histopathological alterations that were proportionate to the rise in the given dose. We concluded from this work that high concentrations of copper sulfate in the brain generated oxidative stress and histopathological alterations,
Animal Histology
Ammar Ghanim Al-Haaik; Ghada Abdulrhman Sultan; Adnan Ali Alhasso
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
Present study intended to explore the morphometric and histochemical foundations of the wall of proventriculus in adult domestic male ducks. To achieve this study, six healthy adult ducks were purchased from local vendors at Mosul province. All of the birds were sedated and their stomachs were removed ...
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Present study intended to explore the morphometric and histochemical foundations of the wall of proventriculus in adult domestic male ducks. To achieve this study, six healthy adult ducks were purchased from local vendors at Mosul province. All of the birds were sedated and their stomachs were removed after they were dissected to achieve the gross description and measurements of proventriculus which include the length and diameter of (cranial, middle and caudal ) regions of the proventriculus. Small tissue pieces 6-8 mm length from three regions of proventriculus were processed for histomorphological studies by using Hematoxyline and Eosin stain,, combined (PAS-ABph2.5 ) stain, Toluidine blue and Masson's Trichrome stains. The finding showed that the proventriculus connects with esophagus from cranial side and with muscular stomach from caudal side, it was thin elongated oval tubular organ. Histologically, the mucosa of proventriculus revealed presence of folds and sulci like structures which covered by simple columnar epithelium, tunica submucosa consist of many and large of simple and profound sub-mucosal glands that were supported by connective tissue septa and extended from the base of the branched tubular gland through the lamina propria, which was organized in a conical manner ( adenomere ). Tunica Muscularis appeared as double layer coordinated in form of inner longitudinal one and outer circular one. Finally the serosa consists of connective tissue, blood vessels, adipose tissue and nerve plexuses covered by mesothelium.
Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology
Rafal Luqman Abdulah; Yaareb J. Mousa
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 July 2022
Abstract
The aim was designed to determine the impact of oxidative stress (OS), induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), on the ketorolac plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics in the chicks. A significant decrease was observed in the total antioxidant status (TAS) measured on day 7th, 10th, and 14th of chicks ...
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The aim was designed to determine the impact of oxidative stress (OS), induced by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), on the ketorolac plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics in the chicks. A significant decrease was observed in the total antioxidant status (TAS) measured on day 7th, 10th, and 14th of chicks age by 39, 29, and 41%, respectively in comparison to the control (H2O) group. By measuring the analgesic median effective dose (ED50), Ketorolac’s analgesia has been amplified 16% in the stressed (H2O2) group. Ketorolac concentration in plasma was investigated at multiple measured times of 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 24 hours after the administration (14 mg/kg, IM) to 110.38, 181.46, 66.24, 13.08, 10.11, and 4.12 µg/ml at the H2O group and significantly elevated in all times measured except 0.25 and 24 h after ketorolac administration by 24, 38, 54, 199, 93, and 59 % to be 136.45, 250.88, 102.03, 39.13, 19.55, and 6.55 µg/ml in the H2O2 group, respectively. The values of AUC0-∞, AUMC0-∞, Cmax, and Kel in the stressed chickens that were administered ketorolac were elevated by 59, 19, 38, and 43%, respectively, whereas other parameters like MRT, t1/2β, Vss, and Cl were reduced by 25, 30, 56, and 37% respectively compared to H2O group. The results showed the H2O2-induced OS amplified the analgesic action of ketorolac in a chick model; besides its modification of the plasma concentration and pharmacokinetics of ketorolac.
Veterinary Parasitology
Akeel Mohammad; Abdul Awad; Mansoor Jadaan Alkhaled
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 06 July 2022
Abstract
The study aim is to investigate zoonotic potential and diversity of gene of Cryptosporidium species and subtype of C. hominis & C. parvum in goat in Babylon province. A one hounerd samples fac were obtain from four location in Babylon province. It was tested by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 50 positive ...
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The study aim is to investigate zoonotic potential and diversity of gene of Cryptosporidium species and subtype of C. hominis & C. parvum in goat in Babylon province. A one hounerd samples fac were obtain from four location in Babylon province. It was tested by modified Ziehl-Neelsen stain, 50 positive samples were taken for the Nested PCR reaction. Five species (C. parvum, C. hominis, C. ryana, C. xiaoi and C. bovis ) were detected based succession test of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70). After molecular phylogenetic analysis the 60 kDa glycoprotein (gp60) gene sequence for 10 C. parvum, and 10 C. hominis isolates. two subtype were established IIdA21G1 & IIdA19G1 belong to C.parvum . For C.hominis three subtypes were detected which: IbA21G2, IbA13G3 & IbA19G2. From the current results, we conclude that goats perhaps a reservoir for zoonotic Cryptosporidium species, which cause infection for animals and humans in this region.
Veterinary Microbiology
Wale Olopade; Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus; Asabe Halimat Momoh-Zekeri; Pwaveno Huladeino Bamaiyi
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as a growing and emerging public health problem worldwide. This research determines the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli on eggshells from selected layer chickens. The shells of 270 egg samples were swabbed ...
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Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is recognized as a growing and emerging public health problem worldwide. This research determines the occurrence of ESBL E. coli and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Escherichia coli on eggshells from selected layer chickens. The shells of 270 egg samples were swabbed to detect the presence of E. coli. Seventy-three (73/270) 23% out of the 270 isolates were phenotypically E. coli. The isolates were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing using six (6) panel antibiotics (Ampicillin, Tetracycline, Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim, Gentamicin, Imipenem, and Ciprofloxacin) using the disk diffusion method. The isolates showed highest resistance to Ampicillin (95.9%), closely followed by Tetracycline (89%), Sulphamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (72%), Gentamicin (41.1%), and imipenem (1.4%). Also 78% of the isolates were multi-drug resistant. Fifty-six (56/73) 76.7% out of seventy-three isolates were screened as presumptive ESBL-E. coli by culture on ESBL CHROM agar and 42/56 (75%) of the isolates yielded ESBL-producing E. coli based on the production of ESBL by double disc diffusion method. The results of the questionnaire survey showed that all farms used antimicrobial agents either for therapeutic or prophylactic purposes. Also, not all the farms had good biosecurity measures. The findings of this study indicated that eggshells are potential reservoirs for multi-drug resistant E. coli and ESBL-Producing E. coli.
Fish Diseases
Dahliatul Qosimah; Dahliatul Qosimah; Sanarto Santosa; Maftuch Maftuch; Husnul Khotimah; Loeki Enggar Fitri; Aulanni’am Aulanni’am
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic freshwater. These bacteria cause gastroenteritis and septicemia in animals and humans. Hemolysin and aerolysin, are important in the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila. Prepupae Black soldier fly (BSF) can be used as an antibacterial using its active substance against ...
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Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic freshwater. These bacteria cause gastroenteritis and septicemia in animals and humans. Hemolysin and aerolysin, are important in the pathogenesis of A. hydrophila. Prepupae Black soldier fly (BSF) can be used as an antibacterial using its active substance against hemolysin and aerolysin. This study aimed to determine how the interaction of prepupae BSF amino acids with A. hydrophila enterotoxin in silico and protein level in various substrates in vivo. The study consisted of BSF larva of T1 (fed fruit waste), T2 (fed fermented fruit waste), T3 ((fed tofu waste), T4 (fed fermented tofu waste), and T5 (fed fermented fruit waste and tofu waste). Data on the difference of protein level of prepupae among groups were analyzed statistically using the ANOVA test. The study showed that the highest protein content of BSF prepupae was found in treatment T3 dan T4. Protein docking analysis showed that L-arginine had the most hydrogen interaction (11 H-bonds) with aerolysin and 10 H-bonds against hemolysin, indicating an antibacterial role. The most favorable interacting residues of 17 amino acids against hemolysin were ARG73, ASP74, THR541, ALA523, and ASN483, while the residues of the active site against aerolysin were ASP92, ARG394, SER354, TYR348, ARG356, VAL396, PRO395, and ASP350. Amino could inhibit the hemolytic toxin of Aeromonas by interacting with binding site residues. The better the nutritional value of the substrate given to BSF larvae, the higher the protein content of BSF prepupae. Proteins from BSF prepupae can be antibacterial candidates against A. hydrophila.
Veterinary Parasitology
Monyer A. Abdulameir Al-Fatlawi; Ghaidaa Abass; Zainab Hussein chaid
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
This study was carried out to identify the etiological pathogens responsible of protozoal-like disease conditions occurred in camel females from Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. For this reason, 125 camel females (one blood sample per animal) that showed signs of weakness and pale mucus membranes were considered ...
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This study was carried out to identify the etiological pathogens responsible of protozoal-like disease conditions occurred in camel females from Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. For this reason, 125 camel females (one blood sample per animal) that showed signs of weakness and pale mucus membranes were considered for the study. The samples of blood were explored microscopically and via the use of a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method that the targeted glutamine-dependent carbamoyl phosphate synthase (CPSII) gene for identifying Babesia bovis and 18S rRNA gene for detecting B. bigemina. The results of the microscopic technique uncovered the occurrence of babesia spp. in 76 (60.8%) of the examined samples, which encourage the use of the PCR to identify the protozoal species. The PCR findings demonstrated that B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in 8 (8.9%) and 11 (12.22%), respectively, of the positive microscopic samples. The study findings reveal that weakness and paleness of mucus membranes in camel females can be attributed to the presence of infections by blood protozoa, mainly Babesia bovis and Babesia bigemina.
Veterinary Pathology
Mohamed Abdalla; Nahla Ahmed Refat; Moustafa Abou El-Fattouh; Mohamed Mohamed Metwally; Tarek Khamis
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
The present study was designed to investigate the protective and curative potentials of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves powder against streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats. Fifty adult Wistar male albino rats were randomized divided into five equal groups: The normal control ...
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The present study was designed to investigate the protective and curative potentials of Moringa oleifera (MO) leaves powder against streptozotocin (STZ) induced type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in rats. Fifty adult Wistar male albino rats were randomized divided into five equal groups: The normal control group, the Moringa group, The diabetic group, the therapeutic group, the diabetic rats (3 days after STZ injection) were received MO for successive 8 weeks and the prophylactic group, the rats were received MO for 2 weeks before STZ induced diabetic rats and lasted for 8 weeks. The protective or treated oral administration of 1 ml freshly prepared aqueous leaf decoction of MO revealed a significant upregulation on the mRNA expression of PDX-1, Ngn3, VEGF, IGF-1 and GLUT-2. Additionally, it induced a significant downregulation of FBG level in comparison with that of the diabetic group as well as a significant reduction in the level of MDA and a significant elevation in the TAC level. Furthermore, the histopathological observations of pancreas, liver and kidneys tissues affirmed the improvement in treated and prophylactic groups in comparison with STZ-diabetic groups and the improvement in prophylactic group was most distinct than treated group.MO aqueous leaf extract can treat and protect against STZ-induced T1DM, via its antioxidant action (increase the TAC and decrease MDA). Thus, it has the potential for utilization as a prophylactic against diabetes.
Veterinary Parasitology
Akram Madlool Alzyadi; Mansoor Jadaan Alkhaled
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
This study investigated the benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus parasitic nematodes from sheep from October 2021 to December 2022 in AL-Diwanyiah city/Iraq and samples were processed at the laboratory of Parasitology in Veterinary Medicine College of Al-Qadissyiah University through the ...
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This study investigated the benzimidazole resistance in Haemonchus contortus parasitic nematodes from sheep from October 2021 to December 2022 in AL-Diwanyiah city/Iraq and samples were processed at the laboratory of Parasitology in Veterinary Medicine College of Al-Qadissyiah University through the detection of E198A mutation and SNP polymorphism of the β-tubulin gene at this codon position. A total of 90 adult H. contortus samples collected from abomasum of sheep (n = 400) and then tested by qPCR and tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. Of these, three different genotypes have been found for E198A SNP: heterozygous (RS), homozygous (SS), and homozygous resistant genotype (RR). The frequencies for these genotypes were 31.11% heterozygous, 57.77% homozygous, and 11.11% homozygous resistant. The current study indicated for the first time the spread of benzimidazole resistance for H. contortus of sheep in Iraq / AL-Diwnayiah by utilizing qPCR and tetra-primer ARMS-PCR. It is speculated that the BZ-resistance is due to excessive and irregular H. contortus drug abuse and inter-species transfer between ruminants at the commonly grazing pastures and from imported sheep as well.
Veterinary Clinical Pathology
Fahad Yaseen Taha
Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 03 August 2022
Abstract
In late of 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was observed in Germany using genomic analysis. The virus is transmitted through haematophagus insect vectors and vertically from females to their offspring across the placenta. In adult sheep, the virus causes a short viremia followed by lethargy, abortion, ...
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In late of 2011, Schmallenberg virus (SBV) was observed in Germany using genomic analysis. The virus is transmitted through haematophagus insect vectors and vertically from females to their offspring across the placenta. In adult sheep, the virus causes a short viremia followed by lethargy, abortion, and dystocia when giving birth to malformed lambs. RT-PCR for virus detection and commercial ELISAs for antibody detection were rapidly developed. There have been no previous studies to detect SBV in sheep in Nineveh province. Thus, this study was therefore intended to investigate the presence of SBV in ovine aborted fetuses and to describe the macroscopic lesions that associated with it. Fifteen aborted lambs, aged between 70 to 135 days, between October 2021 and January 2022 were collected. Brain stem, spinal cord, spleen, liver, lung, and abdominal fluid were collected and stored at -20ᵒC for molecular analysis. Viral RNA was extracted from these collected samples and reverse transcription was performed in one step. RT-PCR was applied to amplify the SBV gene (S segment). Three of fifteen lambs showed marked malformations in vertebral column, arthrogryposis, hydranencephaly, cerebral and cerebellar hypoplasia and porencephaly. SBV was detected in malformed aborted lambs by RT-PCR with 474bp product size. These findings indicate that SBV causing abortion with malformations. Further studies on this topic should be conducted and include isolation and characterization of virus and SBV epidemiology.
